Mineral nitrogen and microbial dynamics in the forest floor of clearcut or partially harvested successional boreal forest stands.

摘要

The effects of clearcut and partial harvesting of early-seral trembling aspen plots were compared to conventional clearcut harvesting in mid-seral mixedwood and late-seral conifer plots. Twice a year, for three consecutive years, we assessed mineral N and microbial dynamics in the forest floor of these plots to test three hypotheses related to the higher litter quality of aspen leaves and to the sustained inputs of available C on partially harvested plots: (1) the post-clearcutting mineral N flush and the net [(NO3-):(NO3-+NH4+)] production ratio (RNI) are higher in aspen plots than in black spruce plots, with intermediate values occurring in mixedwood plots; (2) net N mineralization rates in aspen plots are higher in spring than in autumn; and (3) compared to clear felling, partial harvesting reduces potential ammonification and nitrification rates. Initial NH4+ and NO3- concentrations respectively ranged between 1.7-4.4 and 0.2-1.5 g N kg-1 Ntotal, net ammonification and nitrification rates (30 d incubations) respectively ranged between 5.3-17.8 and 0.1-27.6 g N kg-1 Ntotal, basal respiration ranged between 20.9-38.9 mg CO2-C kg-1 h-1, and microbial biomass ranged between 6.1-8.7 g Cmic kg-1. Although clear felling increased NO3- concentrations in aspen plots, the balance of our results did not support our first hypothesis, because NH4+ concentrations increased in conifer plots only, potential ammonification was unaffected by clear felling, potential nitrification increased in mixedwood plots only, and RNI increased in all plots. In each seral stage, basal respiration, microbial biomass, and metabolic quotient either increased or were unaffected by clear felling, suggesting that increases in RNI after disturbance were not related to lower microbial immobilisation of NO3- due to lower available C. Forest floors in mid-seral mixedwood plots exhibited a distinct combination of mineral N and microbial properties, suggesting that the functional richness of the forest is enhanced not only by the number of species, but also by the diversity of assemblages that are present. Results supported our second hypothesis and showed, furthermore, that net N mineralization in conifer stands is greater in autumn than in spring. Partial harvesting in aspen stands resulted in lower potential mineralization of N and lower RNI, compared to clear felling. Further lysimetry studies are needed to confirm whether partial harvesting mitigates NO3- leaching following disturbance..