Changes in winter climate: soil frost, root injury, and fungalTI Changes in winter climate: soil frost, root injury, and fungal communities

摘要

Seasonal snow cover and soil frost currently impact approximately 55% of the northern hemisphere (Zhang et al. 2003; Brooks et al. 2011). Along with warmer mean annual temperatures projected around the globe for the next century (IPCC 2007), the severity and frequency of soil freeze/thaw cycles in many temperate ecosystems are expected to increase (Henry 2008; Brown and DeGaetano 2011). Colder soils are expected to occur in a warmer world because of the expected decline in the depth and duration of the winter snowpack, which insulates soils beneath it.