Multi-Stage Approach Makes Water Disinfection More Efficient, Effective

摘要

A multiple-stage approach to water treatment, though it may involve increased design and capital costs, can render water disinfection technologies - including chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) and ozone - more efficient and effective. Minimizing the chance of blinding downstream systems can reduce labor and materials costs, energy and chemical consumption, and waste stream production, improving both return on investment (ROI) andrnreturn on environment (ROE).rnDisinfection efficacy can be improved through better pretreatment removals by minimizing the chlorine or other oxidant demand of raw water. Reduced diffusion or absorption of germicidal wavelengths of UV light can also be realized in certain applications. Reducing the amount of organic solids in the water can reduce the production of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in reactions with ozone or halogenated disinfectants such as chlorine or bromine.