Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas

摘要

Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) are a very attractive option for the treatment of hospital wastewaternand elimination of pharmaceuticals in high density urban areas. The present investigation showednthat, depending on the substance, between 19% and 94% of the level of antibiotics found in thenenvironment originate from hospitals. Because of their ecotoxic potential, hospital wastewatersncan have a significant impact on the environment. The segregation of these wastewaters and theirnseparate treatment at the source can reduce the entry of drugs in waterways and enable waternreuse after adequate polishing treatment processes.