Russian Genitive of Negation Alternations: The Role of Verb Semantics

摘要

Genitive-nominative and genitive-accusative alternations exist to various degrees in Slavic and Baltic languages. In Russian the alternation of Gen-Nom and Gen-Acc in negative sentences is conditioned by a combination of syntactic, semantic, and morphological factors. A series of papers by Borschev and Partee and by the present set of authors has studied the semantic factors involved in the genitive of negation. Our recent work builds on the intuition that genitive NPs are “less referential” than their nominative or accusative counterparts; both we and Olga Kagan take that decreased referentiality to involve a “demotion”. We have formalized this demotion in terms of semantic types, arguing that Gen NPs in these alternations are of property type e,t rather than entity type e. In this article we address how verb meanings shift along with the types of their arguments. We review the treatment of Borschev and Partee (1998) of the “bleaching” of the open class of intransitive verbs that appear in existential sentences with Subject Gen Neg, and compare it to the more heterogeneous class of shifts in verb meaning that occurs with Object Gen Neg. The resulting analysis helps to explain both the similarities and the differences between Subject Gen Neg and Object Gen Neg.