Polaron formation as a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon

摘要

Solitons and polarons occurring in nonequilibrium steady states are investigated in the spinless Takayama Lin-Liu Maki (TLM) model. We propose the possibility of a new type of polarons in a nonequilibrium steady state. This is a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon, since there is a threshold current below which they do not exist. It is considered to be an example of microscopic dissipative structure.