Two of the pillars of post Keynesian economics have been money and uncertainty. But not all post Keynesian economists see these two aspects in the same way. On one hand it is argued that money is the response to the existence of uncertainty, while equally plausible arguments have been made noting that the use of money in a capitalist economy is itself the major cause of uncertainty. The problem of uncertainty has vexed economists since the very beginning of the subject, but it was only with the advent of rational expectations that economists found a way to deal with uncertainty by assuming that it did not form part of the proper study of economics. This issue of the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics returns to the theme of uncertainty and expectations from a number of very different perspectives-from Shackle to Keynes to animal spirits and behavioral economics-in the hope of opening an active debate among the alternative points of view.
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