Camel milk modulates ethanol-induced changes in the gut microbiome and transcriptome in a mouse model of acute alcoholic liver disease

摘要

Morbidity and mortality as a result of liver diseaseare major problems around the world, especially fromalcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is characterized byhepatic inflammation and intestinal microbial imbalance.In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotectiveeffects of camel milk (CM) in a mouse model ofacute ALD and the underlying mechanism at the gutmicrobiota and transcriptome level. Male Institute ofCancer Research mice (n = 24; Beijing Weitong LihuaExperimental Animal Technology Co. Ltd., China)were divided into 3 groups: normal diet (NC); normaldiet, then ethanol (ET); and normal diet and camelmilk (CM), then ethanol (ET+CM). Analysis of serumbiochemical indexes and histology revealed a reductionin hepatic inflammation in the ET+CM group.Sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that CM modulatedthe microbial communities, with an increased proportionof Lactobacillus and reduced Bacteroides, Alistipes,and RikeNE_Llaceae RC9 gut group. Comparative hepatictranscriptome analysis revealed 315 differentially expressedgenes (DEG) in the ET+CM and ET groups(150 upregulated and 165 downregulated). Enrichmentanalysis revealed that CM downregulated the expressionof inflammation-related (ILB and CXCL1) genes in theIL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) pathways. Weconclude that CM modulates liver inflammation andalleviates the intestinal microbial disorder caused byacute alcohol injury, indicating the potential of dietaryCM in protection against alcohol-induced liver injury.