Exploring digital sustainability of/through Estonia's e-residency: Africa's case and the importance of culture for sustainability

摘要

Purpose - This paper aims to take the lead from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 10- foster "resilient infrastructures and inclusive innovation" and "reduce disparities of opportunities, income and power" - as key for digital sustainability. Moving beyond existing research, here this paper conceptualise "digital sustainability" as a framework for analysing the sustainability of digital services. Design/methodology/approach - Combining different works, this paper identifies five dimensions: social,economic, institutional, environmental and technical. The framework is then tested on Estonia's e- residency program, of which, in this way, this paper explores the potential digital sustainability.By allowing anyone to run location-independent businesses as if virtually in Estonia, the e-residency program aligns to what SDGs 9 and 10 prescribe in terms of socio-economic inclusiveness and inclusive innovation. As such, the program is particularly valuable for citizens from developing countries in that it gives them access to European markets. Hence, to explore e-residency's digital sustainability, this paper focuses on the experiences of African e-residents. Findings -In-depth interviews highlight a series of criticalities involving one or more dimensions of the framework.This is because of the program having a global outreach by default but not accommodating contextual diversity by design. Originality/value -Suggestions for improving the program are provided,alongside the recommendation to also include the cultural dimension into the conceptualisation of digital sustainability.