Isolated sphenoiditis (IS) is a relatively rare clinical entity which might present with serious complications. The clinical records of ten patients with IS were reviewed. The presenting symptoms, the findings, and the treatments given were noted. Eight patients were female and two were male, and their age varied between 9 and 65 years (mean 31 years). The main presenting symptom was headache in five patients, diplopia in four patients, and postnasal drainage in one patient. The duration of the symptoms ranged between 48 h and 1 year. The diagnosis was accomplished by history, nasal endoscopy and radiological examination (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging). Two patients had fungus ball. One patient was a scuba diver as a possible predisposing factor. All of the patients underwent medical treatment consisting of intravenous antibiotics or oral antibiotics, and endoscopic sinusotomy was performed in nine patients additionally. Complete resolution was obtained for all patients except one who had diplopia for one year. IS may present with headache and orbital symptoms. Timely diagnosis and treatment are substantial in order to avoid serious complications, and to obtain a complete recovery. Medical treatment does not avoid surgery in majority of cases. Surgery is indicated from the very beginning specifically for the cases starting with diplopia which might be suggestive of a progression of the infection. Currently the most frequently used approach is endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy. This technique seems to be effective and less traumatic compared to other approaches.
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