Spice simulators include three types of tools for voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, and behavioral. Independent sources have two terminals and provide a specified number of volts or amperes you enter as a constant, just as a bench supply generates a set voltage or current. These simulators, like signal generators, also provide waveforms.rnFigure la shows two independent sources. Voltage source V_1 provides 5V dc, and V_2 provides a 1V-peak sine wave. Dependent sources have at least four terminals. A first terminal pair is a voltage or current output. Another terminal pair is an input that attaches in shunt or in series with two circuit nodes. The output responds to thernvoltage across or current through the input nodes. Some dependent sources have multiple input-terminal pairs.
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