Characterization of Kinnow Mandarin fruit blemishes and tree-fruit-environment (TFE) profile in relation to various blemishes causal agents

摘要

Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour×Citrus deliciosa Tenora) fruit skin blemishes have become the key concern for growers and exporters. The objective of this study was to characterize various fruit skin blemishes, and to develop profile of the dynamics of blemishes in relation to the fruit growth, environmental conditions and various blemishes causal agents. Blemish characterization was done on the basis of visual symptoms, while its development was studied at various phenological stages of the fruit growth and development in relation to insect, pests and disease attack. Blemishes caused by red scales, thrips, mites, citrus canker and anthracnose were characterized among biotic causal agents while wind blemishes were characterized among abiotic causal agents. April and May were found critical months in which, maximum insect pest activity was observed with highest blemish development (36% and 31%) respectively. Overall, wind related blemishes (41.66%) were found maximum in the orchard followed by mites (19.89%). Monthly increment in fruit diameter was maximum (26.98 mm) during month of June. A total of 3724.08 degree days were estimated for Kinnow mandarin from fruit set to maturity (optimum fruit quality). The study would help the researchers, growers and exporters to identify and develop understanding for better management of Kinnow fruit skin blemishes.