On Sino-Turkic, a First Glance (北俗初探)

摘要

When Turkic-speaking Tabghatch conquered China in 386 ce and ruled her for nearly 200 years, they, being minority rulers, elected to take up Chinese writing system and language as the official means of communication with its subject population. They also ended up adopting the writing system to script the Turkic language for their Turkic population resulting into a Xianbei National Language (xnl). This work describes 7 cases of Turkic-rooted Sinitic functional expressions, all featuring the word 的 [d-], supported with historical citations in Chinese documents, believed to be cultural continua of the xnl: 1)The constative preterite -dI, -dX? → the constative 的 [d?], 底 [di], 端 [duan]2)The nominalizer -dOk+ in free relative clause → Sinitc 的 [d?], 底 [di], 得 [d?] in free relative clause3)The nominalizer -dOk+ in bound relative clause → Sinitic 底 [di], 的 [d?] in bound relative clause4)The adverb of manner suffix +tI/+dI → the adverb of manner suffixes 地?[di], 底 [di], 的 [d?]5)The locative-ablative case suffixes +dA/+tA → the locative suffixes 底 [di], 頭 [tou], 的 [d?]6)The perfect participle -dOk → the perfect participles 得 [d?], 的 [di]7)The completive perfect formative ?d- → the completive perfect formatives 得 [d?], 的 [di]