Obesity as a Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus in the Local Population of Pakistan

摘要

A worldwide epidemic exists with respect to diabetes mellitus because of increased rates of obesity. There is a significant correlation between obesity and insulin resistance and obesity causes the increase in the severity of the disease. The adipose tissues in the visceral region function as an endocrine organ that produces certain proteins with role in glucose homeostasis. The expression level of some of these proteins is increased in diabetes and can serve as specific marker of the disease. The study was performed to check the effect of various physical and biochemical parameters of obesity on the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. In our study the serum samples of diabetics were collected and were further categorized into two groups i.e. diabetic obese and diabetic non obese, on the basis of BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio. The fasting blood sugar level, the total protein content, along with the complete lipid profile was performed. A marked increase in the total protein content and lipid profile was observed in diabetic obese as compared to diabetic non obese and control group. The results were found to be significant with p < 0.05. The lipid profile of diabetic obese was characterized by high cholesterol, LDL and VLDL concentration and low HDL concentration while that of control was characterizes by high HDL level and low cholesterol, LDL and VLDL level. The adipose secreted proteins whose expression is thought to increase in diabetes are studied. For this purpose the protein profile of serum was obtained on 10% SDS PAGE and the gels were stained with coomassie R-250 and silver salts. The proteins with exacerbated expression in diabetic obese individuals were studied. The expression of proteins such as leptin (16000 dalton), C reactive protein (25039 dalton), TNF alpha (25644 daltons), apolipoprotein E (34000 dalton), alpha 2 macroglobulin (163278 dalton) and apolipoprotein B (250000 dalton) was observed to be increased in diabetic obese as compared to diabetic non obese and control. There inflammation proteins secreted by adipose tissues cause the increase in the severity and progression of diabetes mellitus in the population.