With the gradual slowdown of economic growth in China, the Chinese government proposed the task of supply-side reform. As a vital part of China’s economy, supply-side reform in the real estate market is particularly important. Using 29 provinces (divided into seven regions) in China as examples, this paper empirically studies the supply-side efficiency of China’s real estate market using data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the period of 2012–2016. The results showed that (1) the main problem of low supply-side efficiency in the Chinese real estate market is the low land-use efficiency, with a redundancy rate of 60.59% in China’s land space pending development; and (2) China’s southeastern coastal region, with the highest supply-side efficiency in the real estate market, reached a level of decreasing returns, and it is no longer appropriate to increase the supply-side efficiency by expanding the market scale. However, the southwestern region and the Yangtze River’s middle region, which both have lower supply-side efficiency, can improve the land utilization ratio and technology investment to change the current situations. The study results suggest (1) improving the construction land development efficiency by adjusting the input and output of the market according to the specific conditions of each city, and (2) promoting the supply-side reform of China’s real estate market and sustainable urbanization.
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