Metalloproteinases in liver fibrosis: current insights

摘要

Liver fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. The fibrotic conditions result from the imbalance between synthesis and deposition of fibrous tissues and decomposition of these matrix proteins. This process can be reversed as a regular part of the healing process after hepatic damage or can become chronic. When the protein matrix synthesis predominates and the decomposition is suppressed, fibrosis will progress into irreversible cirrhosis or steatosis. Among the molecular players involved in fibrotic liver diseases, metalloproteinases of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) families are critical in the development of liver fibrosis and its resolution. Previously, MMPs were recognized as extracellular matrix degrading enzymes. Currently, they are also known as mediators in a variety of processes related to immunity and tissue repair. In this article, we have reviewed the models of liver fibrosis and findings on MMPs and ADAMs in hepatic fibrosis conditions.