Novgorod the Great in Baltic Trade before 1300

摘要

The present paper deals with the Old Norse-Icelandic written sources' data on trade relations of Novgorod and Scandinavian countries. The sources in question, written down in the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, narrate of the tenth and eleventh centuries, and thus the information found in them is important from the point of view of chronology: the aggregate material of runic inscriptions, skaldic poems, chronicles and sagas enables us to see Novgorod as one of the largest trade centres of Old Rus, and to study its connections with Scandinavian countries at an earlier period of time than any other written sources do.