Nanotherapeutics are useful tools to improve the deliverability of drugs, especially anti-cancer drugs that need to target specific cells. Several approaches have been studied for multiple myeloma, considering that immune cells are not easy to target with the available drugs. These pharmacological agents are administered in various combinations using Thalidomide (or Lenalidomide, Pomalidomide), corticosteroids (Dexamethasone), proteasome inhibitors (Bortezomib, Carfilzomib, Ixazomib), deacetylase inhibitors (Panobinostat), and monoclonal antibodies (Elotuzumab, Daratumumab). As all drugs these agents might have serious side effects and in addition, the reliance on stochastic events to deliver drugs to tumors reduces their effectiveness either through rapid clearance from blood or inadequate concentration in cancer cells. To address these issues liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanomaterials have been successfully tested in vivo and can be considered as useful tools to improve delivery of active pharmaceuticals that show poor bioavailability or poor internalization into myeloma cells.
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