Empagliflozin reduces vascular damage and cognitive impairment in a mixed murine model of Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes

摘要

EMP treatment limits metabolic alterations in db/db and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Long-term EMP treatment significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels in diabetic mice. No differences were detected at week 6 ([ 0.864,  = 0.543], statistical power 0.317), although differences were detected from week 10 to week 22 (week 10 [ =18.91], week 14 [  = 32.92], week 18 [  = 31.68], week 22 [  = 25.12];  ††  b When insulin levels were analyzed, individual weekly assessment revealed that EMP treatment helped to maintain high insulin levels in db/db and APP/PS1xdb/db mice as the disease progresses (week 6 [  = 2.29,  = 0.036], week 10 [  = 4.47], week 14 [  = 5.23], week 18 [  = 5.42], week 22 [  = 4.49], week 26 [  = 6.89];  ‡‡  ††  ##  c Body weight was maintained by EMP, as revealed by weekly assessment (week 6 [  = 6.21], week 10 [  = 34.13], week 14 [  = 42.39], week 18 [  = 44.34], week 22 [  = 55.71], week 26 [  = 52.55];  ##  ††  p n = 13, control-EMP  = 10, APP/PS1  = 9, APP/PS1-EMP  = 11, db/db  = 11, db/db-EMP  = 10–12, APP/PS1xdb/db  = 9, APP/PS1xdb/db-EMP  = 10)