Lead Optimization of a PyrazoleSulfonamide Seriesof Trypanosoma bruceiN-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors: Identification and Evaluationof CNS Penetrant Compounds as Potential Treatments for Stage 2 HumanAfrican Trypanosomiasis

摘要

Trypanosoma bruceiN-myristoyltransferase (TbNMT) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). From previous studies, we identified pyrazole sulfonamide, DDD85646 (>1), a potent inhibitor of TbNMT. Although this compound represents an excellent lead, poor central nervous system (CNS) exposure restricts its use to the hemolymphatic form (stage 1) of the disease. With a clear clinical need for new drug treatments for HAT that address both the hemolymphatic and CNS stages of the disease, a chemistry campaign was initiated to address the shortfalls of this series. This paper describes modifications to the pyrazole sulfonamides which markedly improved blood–brain barrier permeability, achieved by reducing polar surface area and capping the sulfonamide. Moreover, replacing the core aromatic with a flexible linker significantly improved selectivity. This led to the discovery of DDD100097 (>40) which demonstrated partial efficacy in a stage 2 (CNS) mouse model of HAT.