中国“土地生态安全”与“土地生态风险”研究比较

摘要

The studies about land ecological safety and land ecological risk were compared in terms of concept, evaluation method and research contents through literature analysis. It was concluded that ( 1 ) land ecological safety and land ecological risk are two concepts with close connection and difference. The two concepts are uniform in the attention to ecological problems and the fundamental research objective. Land ecological safety focuses on the health of land ecological system, but Land ecological risk emphasizes the possibility and consequences of land ecological system damage with land use as the sources of risk; (2) To the evaluation of land ecological safety and land ecological risk, there is no difference in the mathematical models of evaluation and their key distinction is the choice of indexes; (3) In the research content, there is much repetitive but less applied research output of evaluation. A suggestion of the mechanism and application research of land ecological safety and land ecological risk was put forward.%运用文献分析法，从概念、评价方法和研究内容等3方面对中国土地生态安全和土地生态风险研究进行了比较。研究发现：（1）土地生态安全和土地生态风险的概念既有联系又有区别，两者的联系在于对土地生态问题的关注，研究的根本目的也是统一的；土地生态安全注重土地生态系统的健康状况，而生态系统风险把土地利用活动看作土地生态系统遭受威胁的风险源，关注出现安全问题的可能性及其后果；（2）对于土地生态风险评价和土地生态风险评价，两者的区别关键在于指标体系的选择，而不是数学模型的应用。（3）在研究内容上，目前侧重于土地生态安全和土地生态风险的评价研究，且多重复性工作，对评价结果的应用研究较少。建议加强土地生态安全和土地生态风险的机理和应用研究。