基于本土材料的土壤基质改良及对草本植被恢复的影响分析

摘要

[Objective] The project aims to explore the optimization program of soil matrix and rapid recovery of herbaceous vegetation.[Method] The physiological and biochemical data and properties measured from Xinjiang Urumqi Pine Head Coalfield Fire District and the surrounding grassland soil were adopted for comparison and correlation analysis,which intended to find out the results of different soil improvement programs and their effects on the herbaceous biomass recovery.[Result] The results show that the implementation of the four soil improvement programs improved physical and chemical properties of soil to varying degrees; straw method did well in improving soil physical properties; multiple applications of quick-acting chemicals and slow-release fertilizer with little amount played quick and obvious role in adding nutrients; method of covering the ground with new soil and organic fertilizer is more conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter and herbaceous vegetation habitat improvement; the aboveground biomass was highly positively correlated to the underground biomass.[Conclusion] Indigenous materials can effectively improve the soil matrix and cause the rapid vegetation recovery,which promise a good application prospect.%[目的]探求土壤基质改良优化方案和实现草本植被快速恢复.[方法]以新疆乌鲁木齐松树头煤田灭火区与周边草地土壤理化性质实测数据为依据,利用对比分析和相关性分析方法,系统分析不同土壤改良方案改良效果及其对草本生物量恢复影响.[结果]四种土壤改良方案均对土壤理化性状有不同程度提高；秸秆法对土壤物理性质改善作用明显；少量、多次施用速效化肥及长效肥在添加营养物质方面作用效果迅速且显著；客土覆盖法和有机肥法更有利于土壤有机质积累和草本植被生境改善；地上生物量与地下生物量呈极显著正相关.[结论]本土材料能够有效改善土壤基质,并使植被恢复较快,具备良好应用前景.