中国地区间与性别间的教育公平测度：2002-2012年--基于人口受教育年限的基尼系数分析

摘要

Education equality is a fundamental requirement for building a moderately prosperous so-ciety and the basic value orientation in furthering education reform in the future.Using distribution da-ta of education in China from 2002 to 2012,this paper calculated the Gini coefficient of education across gender and region.Based on hierarchical clustering analysis between regions and decomposition of the Gini coefficient of education,the study found that China's education achievement and education equality improved significantly between 2002 and 2012,education attainment was significantly higher in the north than in the south,education inequality was more serious in? the west? than in the east,and the gender gap of education narrowed year by year while the regional gap of education slightly expanded.%实现教育公平是全面建设小康社会的根本要求，也是未来深化教育综合领域改革的基本价值取向。本文使用2002-2012年受各级教育程度的人口分布数据，探讨了中国分地区、分性别人口教育基尼系数的动态变化趋势，并将教育基尼系数在性别间进行分解。研究发现，中国的教育发展成就和教育公平程度得到了显著的提高；北部地区的教育发展水平明显高于南部地区，教育不公平程度呈现出西高东低的趋势；性别间教育发展差距呈收敛趋势，但地区间教育发展差距有所扩大。