埃伦・伍德对20世纪70年代后西方新左翼理论的批判--以普兰查斯、拉克劳-墨菲和后现代主义为典型

摘要

Ellen Meiksins Wood criticizes that the western New Left gradually deviate from classical marxism in theory after 1970s among whom Nicos Poulantzas, Laclau/Mouffe and Postmodernism are typical.In her opinion, Poulantzas raises the importance of ideology and politics too much and there are many mistakes and chaos in his theory which has a great deal of harm .She insists that there is a lot of misunderstanding in Laclau and Mouffe's theory, that its"Radical Democracy"scheme is lack of reliable social foun-dation and its political strategy is essentially a kind of reformism .In addition, Wood analyses the specific historical roots of the Post-modernism , reveals its logical chaos in theory and indicates its politics is confusing which may have serious consequences .The start-ing point of Wood's criticism is guarding classical marxism, and the thinking method of it is marxist, but it is inappropriate in some other aspects, such as discretion.%埃伦・伍德批评20世纪70年代后西方新左翼在理论上日渐背离经典马克思主义，其中以普兰查斯、拉克劳与墨菲、后现代主义最为典型。在她看来，普兰查斯过分抬高了意识形态与政治的重要性，其理论中存在诸多矛盾与混乱，并具有很大的危害；而拉克劳与墨菲的理论中存在诸多对马克思和马克思主义的误读，其“激进民主”方案也缺乏可靠的社会根基，政治策略本质上是一种改良主义；后现代主义的产生有其特定的历史根源，其理论逻辑混乱，政治主张亦具有很大的迷惑性并可能导致严重后果。伍德批判的出发点在于捍卫经典马克思主义的思想地位，其中贯穿着马克思主义思维方法，但在有些问题上批判过于笼统，分寸上也不是很适当。