近年来东北黑土区沟蚀吞食耕地现象加剧,养分流失、耕地质量下降等问题凸显.以宾县的糖坊镇和三宝乡为研究区,综合"3S"技术和统计学的模型方法,对研究区沟蚀对土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷和速效钾含量的影响及不同垄向耕作下沟蚀对各养分的影响及差异展开研究.其中横垄种植指作物垄的方向和地块坡向方向成垂直的种植方式,顺垄种植是作物垄的方向和地块坡向方向平行的种植方式.结果表明:沟蚀对土壤养分含量影响较大,有机质和全氮含量较无侵蚀区分别减少33.43%和46.67%,速效钾与全磷含量则变化不明显,在沟蚀区进行秸秆覆盖能够有效减少土壤养分的流失.沟蚀在造成养分含量下降的同时,也影响了土壤的理化结构,降低了土壤中有机质和全氮含量之间的相关性.横垄沟蚀、顺垄沟蚀及无沟蚀对照组土壤有机质和全氮含量大小均表现为无沟蚀区>顺垄沟蚀>橫垄沟蚀.无侵蚀区土壤养分含量最高,沟蚀区顺垄耕作较横垄耕作更具保肥意义.%In recent years, the gully erosion cutting up the cultivated land in the black soil region has become more and more serious, which has caused severe the loss of nutrients, the decline in the quality of arable land and other problems. Two towns in Binxian County of the Heilongjiang Province were selected as the study areas, "3S" techniques and statistical models were used to explore the effects of gully erosion on soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and available potassium (AK), to explore the effects of gully erosion under different directions of tillage ridge on the four nutrients, in which horizontal ridge or dip ridge was referred to crop ridge vertical or horizontal with plots slope aspect. The results indicated that: gully erosion had a great influence on soil nutrient contents, compared with non-gully erosion area, SOM and TN in gully erosion area decreased by 33.43% and 46.67%, respectively, but the changes of AK and TP were not obvious. Straw mulching could effectively reduce the loss of soil nutrients in gully erosion area. Gully erosion also weakened the correlation between SOM and TN. SOM and TN were non-gully erosion region> dip ridge >horizontal ridge, dip ridge tillage is better than horizontal ridge one in maintaining fertility in gully area.
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