电子媒体使用在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童中的调查与分析

摘要

目的：调查分析电子媒体在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童使用情况,为注意缺陷多动障碍的防治提供依据。方法采用病例对照设计的方法选取46例ADHD 患儿为病例组及46例年龄、性别与病例组相匹配的正常儿童为对照组,采用中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)中关于注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的诊断标准。两组儿童家长均参与电子媒体使用情况回顾性访问及问卷填写,采用SPSS19．0对问卷结果进行有关统计学分析。结果 ADHD病例组儿童接触电子媒体的最早年龄平均为(1．65±1．22)岁,对照组中接触电子媒体的最早年龄为平均为(2．18±1．32)岁,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。 ADHD病例组每天接触电子媒体时间平均为(2．07±1．18)h,非电子媒体及户外活动时间平均为(1．24±0．87)h,对照组每天接触电子媒体时间平均为(1．59±1．08)h,非电子媒体及户外活动时间平均为(1．63±0．92)h,两组每天接触电子媒体时间及非电子媒体及户外活动时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。ADHD病例组与对照组两组儿童家长对儿童电子媒体使用有无限制、家长有无长时间使用手机电脑习惯比较差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),两组儿童家长有无晨起开电视习惯比较差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。结论过早过多接触电子媒体可能是注意缺陷多动障碍的诱因之一。避免儿童过早以及长时间暴露于电子媒体可以作为预防ADHD发病的一个手段,尤其是对于可能出现注意缺陷多动障碍的高危儿童。提高家长对电子媒体使用利弊的认识,对儿童媒体使用适当限制并加以指导是未来需要加强宣传教育为此努力的工作。%Objective To investigate and analyze the use of electronic media in children with attention deficit hyperactivi-ty disorder,and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods 46 ADHD children and 46 matched-normal children were defined as case group and control group using the method of case-control de-sign. Classification and Diagnostic Criteria 3rd Edition Chinese(CCMD-3) was used for diagnosis of ADHD. Parents of the children were involved in the use of electronic media in a retrospective interview and questionnaire,statistics were analyzed using spss19. 0. Results The average earliest age of ADHD children exposed to electronic media was(1. 65 ± 1. 22) years old,and the earliest age in control group was(2. 18 ±1. 32) years old,the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05). In ADHD group the average daily exposure to electronic media was(2. 07 ± 1. 18) h,and the time of non electronic media and outdoor activities was(1. 24 ± 0. 87) h;In control group the average time was(1. 59 ± 1. 08) h,and the time of non electronic media and outdoor activities were (1. 63 ±0. 92) h,and the time of the two groups was statistically significant(P<0. 05). Whether parents of children in ADHD group and the control group on children’s electronic media use restrictions ,or parents have a long time to use the phone computer habits,the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05),with the use of mobile computer habits,parents of two groups of chil-dren have no morning Qikai television habit difference no statistical significance(P>0. 05). But no statistical different significance in two groups of parents having or not having the morning TV habits ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusion Premature exposure to electronic media may be one of the causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. To prevent children from premature age and prolonged ex-posure to electronic media can be used as a means to prevent the onset of ADHD,especially for high risk children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Parents’understanding of the pros and cons of children’s electronic media use,appropriate limits and guide,more future effort this to strengthen the work.