播期对棉花品种产量、品质及其构成因素的影响

摘要

适时晚播有利于棉花机械采摘,但晚播往往会影响产量和纤维品质.为考察播期对产量和品质的影响,筛选适宜于晚播的棉花品种类型,本试验以10个棉花品种为材料,设置正常春播(4月24日)和晚春播(5月12日)两个播期,研究不同播期对棉花产量构成因素和纤维品质构成因素的影响.结果显示:纤维长度和细度受播期影响变化显著——晚播条件下,棉花品种的纤维长度显著增加(平均增加6.49％),而纤维细度则因品种而异;籽指在晚播条件下显著增加,单铃重受播期与品种基因型互作的影响显著;生育期较长的品种,晚播导致籽棉产量显著降低(平均减产6.64％),而生育期较短或晚春播吐絮率大于80％(9月30日前)的品种,其籽棉产量显著增加.本研究为选育适宜于机械采摘的中早熟棉花品种、促进黄河流域棉区棉花生产全程机械化提供了科学依据.%Late sowing is benefit to mechanical picking of cotton,but influences the yield and fiber quality.With ten cotton cultivars as materials,two sowing dates,April 24 and May 12,were designed to study their effects on cotton yield and fiber quality in order to select cultivars suitable for late sowing.The results showed that the length and fineness of fiber were significantly affected by sowing date.Under late sowing,the fiber length increased significantly by 6.49％,and the fiber fineness changed differently with different cultivars;the seed index increased significantly;the single boll weight was significantly affected by the interact of sowing date and genotype.Late sowing decreased the seed cotton yield by 6.64％ of cultivars with longer growth period,but increased that of cultivars with shorter growth period or the boll opening rate over 80％ sowed in late spring.This study could provide scientific references for breeding cotton cultivars suitable for mechanical picking and promoting the mechanization production of cotton in the valley of Yellow River.