不同苹果砧木的根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性

摘要

[目的]研究不同苹果砧木对土壤根际微生物数量和酶活性的影响.[方法]通过盆裁试验,采用微生物稀释平板培养法对平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)、八棱海棠(M.micromalus Makino)、楸子(M.prunifolia(Willd)Borkh.)、新疆野苹果(M.sievesii(Ledeb.) Roemer)、东北山荆子(M.baccata Borkh.)等5种苹果砧木土壤根际徽生物数量、土壤酶活性及其相关性进行研究.[结果]不同苹果砧木土壤根际微生物各生理类群数量差异显著,并且都以细菌占绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌最少,土壤微生物多样性指数的变化趋势与土壤微生物数量的变化趋势不一致.不同苹果砧木土壤根际蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性各异.皮尔逊相关分析得知,土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性之问存在相关关系.[结论]选择合适的苹果砧木,有利于土壤微生物数量和酶活性的提高,从而为苹果树生长创造良好的微生态环境.%[Objective] The aim of the experiment is to investigate the effects of different apple rootstocks on soil microbial quantity and enzyme activities. [Method] Using microbial dilution plate counting cultivation method, the rhizosphere soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity and their relations of five kinds of apple rootstocks (M. hupehensis Rehd., M. micromalus Makino, M. prunifolia(Willd) Borkh., M sievesii(Ledeb.) Roetner and M. baccata Borkh.) were analyzed in a short-term pot experiment. [Result] The number of microbial physiological groups in rhizosphere soil under different varieties of apple rootstocks were significantly differences, and bacteria were dominant, followed by actinotnycetes, and fungi were the least. The total amounts of microoriganisms and biodiversity indices were different among apple rootstocks. Different varieties of apple rootstocks rhizosphere soil invertase, phosphatase, urease and catalase activity varied. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that certain correlation existed between soil microbial amount and soil enzyme activities. [Conclusion] Choosing right apple rootstock varieties can be beneficial to increase the number of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities, and create a good micro-ecological environment for the growth of apple trees.