葡萄芽自然休眠期间的呼吸代谢变化

摘要

[Objective] The relationship between respiration and dormancy release of grape bud was discussed for the purpose of laying a theoretical foundation for the artificial control technology of dormancy.[Method] Respiration inhibitors and oxygen electrode were used to investigate the respiratory changes during dormancy in grape buds (high chilling requirement grape V.vinifera-V.labrusca cv.Summer Black Seedless and low chilling requirement grape V.vinifera cv.Jingmi).[Result] Different chilling requirement grape cultivars had the similar respiration rate,pathway rate and change tendency.Respiration rate and pathway of low chilling requirement grape Jingmi changed notably about 20 days before high chilling requirement grape Summer Black Seedless,and rapider.The change range of Jingmi was lower than Summer Black Seedless.The variation in total respiratory rate showed single peak curves.EMP (embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway)-TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle) increased during dormancy release.On level of electron transport,alternative pathway and residual pathway were activated during dormancy release.[Conclusion] Different chilling requirement grape cultivars had different sensitivities,low chilling requirement grape cultivars were more sensitive to low temperature.EMP-TCA was the key of dormancy release.Alternative pathway and residual pathway might be an important role in dormancy release.%[目的]探讨葡萄芽呼吸代谢与自然休眠解除的关系,为葡萄人工休眠调控技术措施的制定提供理论依据.[方法]以高需冷量品种夏黑和低需冷量品种京蜜为试材,采取呼吸抑制剂法借助氧电极研究休眠解除过程中芽的呼吸代谢变化.[结果]不同需冷量品种休眠期间芽的呼吸速率和各呼吸途径所占比例大致相同,而且变化趋势也基本一致,但低需冷量品种京蜜呼吸速率及呼吸途径发生显著变化的时间比高需冷量品种夏黑提前20d左右,且变化更为迅速,只是变化幅度略小于夏黑.休眠期间总呼吸速率呈单曲线变化,当休眠解除时达到顶峰.底物水平上,糖酵解-三羧酸途径所占比例在休眠解除时大幅度增加.电子传递链水平上,剩余呼吸和交替途径在休眠解除时显著增加.[结论]不同品种对低温的敏感度不同,低需冷量品种对低温刺激更为敏感.糖酵解-三羧酸途径是葡萄芽休眠解除的关键因素,剩余呼吸和交替途径的激活在葡萄芽休眠解除过程中起重要作用.