The aim of this paper is to describe the polarization properties and electric-optic properties of the twisted nematic liquid crystals. When the incident linear-polarized light has travelled through the liquid crystal without electric field , the rotation of the plane of polarization with ir/2 is an over-simplified description, but in fact the elliptically polarized is let out. Applying the method of Jones matrix and Jones vector into the analysis of twisted nematic liquid crystal ,a definite and precise mathematical solution was obtained,and the experimental results confirm the validity of the theoretical model. As for the case with electric field, the experimental data show that the output light is still elliptically polarized ,and the polarization with different electric field is consistent with the curve of the electro-optical effect of liquid crystals.%定量研究了扭曲相列相液晶的偏振及电光性质.垂直入射的线偏振光经过不加电场的扭曲向列相液晶后,出射光的偏振平面转过90°只是一种过于简单的近似.实验证明,出射光为椭圆偏振光.利用琼斯矩阵和琼斯向量分析扭曲向列相液晶的偏振性质,并给出数学解,根据理论模型可以求得不同条件下出射光的偏振态,实验中采用测量不同偏振态的线偏振光所对应的透射率的方法验证理论模型,实验结果与理论一致.经过加电场扭曲向列相液晶器件后,出射光仍是椭圆偏振光,并测量了出射光的偏振态与电场的变化关系,与液晶电光效应曲线趋势一致.利用扭曲向列相液晶的琼斯矩阵模型可以定量求出不同条件下线偏振光经过液晶光学器件后的偏振态.
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