亚里士多德《物理学》中的运动、自然概念

摘要

Physics is not only a basic standpoint of grasping Aristotelian natural philoso-phy, but a key step of apprehending natural philosophy in the later Middle Ages.In consideration of rational or religious background separately, vari-ous commentaries or interpretations on two definitions imply totally different apprehensions of the existential modes of natural things.In Aristotelian phi-losophy Form in Actuality represents both the look of a thing and its nature which unites and rules the self-sustaining individual in becoming as whole as such motion or being-at-work.In contrast, Nominalists in the later Middle Ages disagreed radically Aristotelian understanding of Form.They denied the self-sustaining right of any natural thing, meanwhile enforced its shape obedience to a stilled quantitative treatment.Inspired by Heidegger, howev-er, Jacob Klein and Joe Sachs have attempted to read Aristotle originally with the hope of keeping clear of the influence of Latin translation.The new explanation of the conceptions of motion and nature is just the start of this road.%理解《物理学》关于运动、自然的定义不仅是领会亚里士多德自然哲学体系的重要环节，也是把握中世纪晚期自然哲学的肯綮所在。分别以理性或信仰为出发点对二者所做的阐释包含着完全不同的对于自然存在物存在方式的理解。亚里士多德哲学中，在“现实”中存在的“形式”除了表现为事物的“外观”之外，它还规范、指导着事物的本性，将生成着的、自身维系的事物统一为一个如其所是运动或活动的整体。而唯名论者却将“形式”之上附着的层层意涵逐一剥除，不但否定自然存在物自我生成的权利，而且将其从所属的世界中拔起，服从于僵死的、静止的广延量的处理。然而，在海德格尔工作的启发下，克莱因与Joe Sachs有意识地摆脱拉丁翻译的影响、尝试着开启一条原生性地理解亚里士多德的道路。对于运动与自然的重新理解就是这条道路的起点。