原油中有机氯化物脱除方法的研究

摘要

The organic chlorine compounds in crude oil have different properties in polarity and electrophilicity,which was used to study the removal of the compounds through nucleophilic substitution reaction catalyzed by phase transfer.Using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as phase transfer reagent,ethylene diamine as alkaline reagent,ethanol and water as solvents,the dechlorination agent obtained by mixing these reagent according to certain mass ratios can effectively remove the organic chlorine compounds in crude oil.The dechlorination rate is above 90％.For the same chlorine compound,the removal rate varies with the dechlorination reaction conditions and electro-desalting conditions.Under the constant dechlorination conditions,the chlorine compounds removal rate also varies with the forms of chlorine compound in the crude oil.%利用原油中有机氯化物的极性和亲电性,开展了原油中有机氯化物脱除方法——相转移催化亲核取代反应方法的研究.以四丁基氢氧化铵为相转移剂、乙二胺为碱性试剂、乙醇和水为溶剂,按照一定物质的量比配制的脱氯剂,可以有效脱除原油中的有机氯化物,脱氯率达90％以上.对于同一种氯化物,脱氯率随脱氯反应条件及电脱条件的变化而变化.脱氯条件一定时,脱氯率因原油中氯化物形态的不同而不同.