海洋法中的张力与美国的海洋政策--评《海洋大国与海洋法：世界政治中的远征行动》

摘要

In his book titled as Maritime Power and the Law ofSea:Expeditionary Operations in World Poli-tics,James Kraska,from the perspective of U.S.as the leading maritime state,points out that today the tension between coastal states and maritime powers focuses on the EEZ,especially on the issue of the legiti-macy of military activities in EEZ.In this article,his discussions about the importance of littoral regions to U.S.naval strategy,arguments about the legitimacy of military activities in EEZ,and suggestions to rebal-ance the position of U.S.maritime policy are summarized and analyzed.Furthermore,this article points out that,in fact,the tension between coastal states and maritime powers was intensified by the change of the foundation of international law.Based on this point of view,his opinion that China should be viewed as the major threat to U.S.grand strategy is criticized in the end of this article.And the new developments in China's and U.S.maritime policies are also discussed.%在《海洋大国与海洋法：世界政治中的远征行动》一书中，詹姆斯·克拉斯卡以美国作为主导性海洋大国的视角，指出当前沿海国与海洋大国之间的张力集中于专属经济区，尤其是专属经济区内他国军事活动的合法性问题。本文对克拉斯卡的如下论述进行了总结与评述：滨海区域在美国海军战略中的重要性，对专属经济区内他国军事活动合法性的论证，以及关于平衡美国海洋政策取向的建议。在评析该书的过程中，本文进一步指出，这组张力的激化实际根植于国际法基础的变迁。基于这一认识，本文结尾否定了克拉斯卡将中国视为美国大战略的头号威胁的逻辑，并讨论了中美两国在海洋政策领域的新发展。