国际海洋法法庭迅速释放问题研究

摘要

Since the establishment of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS),there have been nine cases related to prompt release process,six of which were sentenced that the defendant coastal states should prompt release the detained vessels and crews,so as to effectively solve the disputes between coastal states and flag states.Because the rules on prompt release under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea are vague,and the tribunal is inconsistent on the judgement standard of the rationality of bond security and the substantive examination problem,it fails to form customary law in the practice field of prompt release.It can be determined that the judicial practice of the tribunal has played a positive role to perfect the related legal system of coastal countries.In order to maintain our marine rights,China should timely modify and improve the assistance system and solve the problem of bond security of prompt release,when Chinese fishermen are de-tained by foreign law enforcement.%国际海洋法法庭自成立以来共审理了9个迅速释放案件，其中6个案件判决被告沿海国迅速释放被扣押船只和船员，从而有效地解决了沿海国和船旗国之间的争议。因联合国海洋法公约迅速释放相关规定的模糊性，以及国际海洋法法庭在保证金合理性判断标准和实质性审查问题上所采取的非一致性立场，在迅速释放问题上尚未形成习惯法。应该肯定的是，国际海洋法法庭的司法实践对沿海国相关法律制度的完善起到积极作用。本文认为，为维护我国海洋权利不受非法侵犯，应及时修改和完善我国渔民被外国执法扣押时的国家援助制度，以及解决迅速释放时的保证金制度问题。