后牙拔除后牙槽嵴骨形态变化的CBCT分析

摘要

Objective: To study the change of alveolar bone height and width after tooth extraction by using CBCT.Methods: 42 patients with 68 teeth extraction at outpatient department were selected randomly.CBCT was taken preoperatively and 6 months after ex-traction.The height and width of alveolar ridge before extraction and 6 months later were measured and the width of alveolar ridge were measured at 6 planes,then the absorption of the posterior alveolar bone in the extraction of the posterior teeth was analyzed.Results:Six months after the extraction of the posterior teeth,the alveolar bone height decreased by(1.15±0.46)mm.The alveolar height de-creased by(1.83±1.87)mm in the buccal and decreased by(0.99±0.50)mm in the lingual.The average decrease of the male alveo-lar ridge height was(1.29±0.31)mm,and that of the female alveolar ridge height was(0.69±0.27)mm 6 months after the extraction of the posterior teeth.There were significant difference in the decreased heights of alveolar bone between the buccal and the lingual,male and female.The average decrease of the male alveolar ridge width were(1.93±1.55),(1.34±1.23),(0.98±0.97),(0.45± 0.53),(0.19±0.32),(0.06±0.17)mm at 6 planes,respectively.The horizontal absorption of the alveolar ridge in each plane was different.Conclusions: Six months after the extraction of the posterior teeth,the alveolar bone absorbs significantly in the horizontal and vertical,the buccal bone wall absorbs more than the lingual side,and the male absorbs more in the vertical bone than the female.The bone absorption is most at the top of the alveolar ridge,followed by the middle,and basically no absorption at the base.%目的:使用CBCT观察后牙拔除后牙槽嵴骨高度和宽度的变化,为临床种植和修复提供参考.方法:随机选取门诊须拔除后牙的患者42人,共68颗患牙,术前和术后6个月分别拍摄CBCT,测量患牙拔除前后牙槽嵴骨高度和宽度,分析后牙拔除后牙槽骨的形态变化.结果:68颗后牙拔除后6个月牙槽嵴高度平均下降(1.15±0.46)mm;颊侧降低(1.83±1.87)mm,舌侧降低(0.99±0.50)mm.男性降低(1.29±0.31)mm,女性降低(0.69±0.27)mm.颊侧与舌侧、男性与女性的牙槽骨高度降低量之间差异显著.牙槽嵴宽度在牙槽嵴顶等6个平面平均减小量分别为(1.93±1.55)、(1.34±1.23)、(0.98±0.97)、(0.45±0.53)、(0.19±0.32)、(0.06±0.17)mm,各平面牙槽嵴水平向吸收均有差异.结论:后牙拔除后牙槽嵴在水平向和垂直向骨吸收明显,颊侧骨壁吸收重于舌侧,男性在垂直向骨吸收重于女性;在牙槽嵴顶部骨吸收最多,中部其次,基底部基本无吸收.