计算机化自适应测验及应用于规模化考试的主要问题分析

摘要

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT)is an evaluation method to assess students'individual ability and is widely applied in K-12 education,Entrance Examination and Certification Exam in foreign countries.Ifthe refor-mation ofthe examination technology can be taken as a breakthrough for examination reform,CAT will be an effective way to promote the assessment and enrollment reform for a large-scale testing (e.g.the new College Entrance Ex-amination).This paper explored the technical components,testing procedure and various classes ofCAT,and ana-lyzed its typical applications and problems in foreign education.And then the CBT(Computer Based Testing)condi-tions and reform expectations to CAT in China middle school were investigated and analyzed.Based on the above ana-lyses,five problems ofCAT when applied in large-scale examination were further analyzed,such as potential nega-tive social impact caused by CAT,the problem ofconstruction bodies,funding and investment,testing pool construc-tion,and guarantee mechanism.%计算机化自适应测验是评估学生个性化能力的有效测评方式，广泛应用于国外的K－12教育、升学考试和资格认证中。以考试技术改革为突破口，在规模化考试甚至是未来高考中实施CAT，是促进教学测试评估和招考改革的有效措施。为此，本研究首先对CAT的技术部件、测试流程、不同类型以及与纸笔考试的异同进行梳理，并对其在国外教育中的典型应用和存在问题进行深入分析；继而在调研与分析国内中学教育“机考”现状及改革期望的基础上，对未来规模化考试中实施CAT可能出现的社会问题、主体与资金投入、系统与题库建设、应用与保障机制等问题展开剖析，以期为国内规模化招考方式的改革提供借鉴。