近40年滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区贝壳堤变化及管护对策研究

摘要

Binzhou Shell Islands and Wetland National Nature Reserve is one of the three ancient shell ridges in the world,which is the most completely conserved and the only old and new coexis-tence.Based on the RS and GIS technology,and many times of field survey in 2015,using the sat-ellite remote sensing data of 1979,1990,2000,2008 and 2015,the change characteristics data of Binzhou Shell Islands and Wetland National Nature Reserve in nearly 40 years were obtained.Theresults showed that:(1)The total area of Binzhou shell ridges is 28.86 hm2 in 2015,which is 0.07% of the total area of the study area,mainly distributs in the core area along the northern coast of the study area.(2)In 1979—2015,the area of Binzhou shell ridges overall trend has been reduced,particularly in 2008—2015 shell ridges area has been drastically reduced.The main reason of the reduction of shell ridges'area is the development and utilization of human activity,among which,agricultural land,salt fields and farms are the most important factors.(3)Human activity remote sensing inspection system was established to improve relevant laws and regulations,and to repair the habitat of shell ridges,which is an effective countermeasure against the shell ridges'en-croachment and destruction.%滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区内的贝壳堤是世界三大古贝壳堤之一,是世界上保存最完整、唯一新老并存的贝壳堤.文章基于RS、GIS技术及2015年野外实地调查数据,利用1979年、1990年、2000年、2008年和2015年5期Landsat陆地卫星系列等多源遥感数据,得到近40年来滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区贝壳堤的变化特征.结果表明:①2015年滨州贝壳堤总面积为28.86 hm2,是研究区总面积的0.07%,主要分布在研究区北部海岸的核心区;②1979—2015年,贝壳堤面积总体呈现下降趋势,尤其2008—2015年面积锐减,减少原因主要是人类开发利用,其中,农业用地、盐田和养殖场是本研究区最主要的3种人类开发利用活动类型;③建立自然保护区人类活动遥感核查体系、完善自然保护区相关法律法规、修复贝壳堤生境是应对滨州贝壳堤遭受侵占及破坏的有效管护对策.