文盲问题作为世界各国面临的共同问题,是制约全球可持续发展的重要因素.为纪念国际扫盲日50周年,呈现全球扫盲教育的丰硕成果和发展趋势,联合国教科文组织于2017年3月发布了《阅读过去,书写未来——扫盲五十年》.该报告从行动纲领、扫盲理念和发展阶段三个方面揭示了全球扫盲教育的总体发展态势.从发展效果上看,全球成人识字率基本实现普及,青年基本素养迅速提升,性别平等实现卓越推进.从发展趋势上看,扫盲教育实现了从谋求生存到可持续发展的功能转变,从独立技能到关联性技能的目标转变,从供应驱动到需求导向的对象转变,从单一治理到合作治理的管理方式转变,形成了扫盲教育新格局.在新时期,由于其与可持续发展承诺、终身学习理念、老龄化社会和数字化社会等紧密契合,扫盲教育不会"偃旗息鼓",而将承担新的发展使命,继续展现其强大的生命力,从而推动社会可持续发展.%The issue of illiteracy, as a common problem faced by all countries in the world, is an important factor that restricts global sustainable development.In order to commemorate the 50th anniversary of International Literacy Day and present the rich achievements and development trends of global literacy education,UNESCO has published a report Reading the Past, Writing the Future:Fifty Years of Promoting Literacy in March, 2017. The report reveals the overall development trends of global literacy education from three aspects:the program of action, the concept of literacy and the stage of development.From the development effects,the global adult literacy rate has popularized basically; the youth literacy has increased rapidly; furthermore, the gender equality has achieved remarkable progress.From the development trends,the function of literacy education has transformed from making a living to sustainable development;the goal of literacy education has changed from independent skills to relevance skills; the object of literacy education has moved from supply-driven to demand-oriented; the management of literacy education has transformed from single governance to cooperative governance.Moreover,a new pattern was formed in literacy education. In the new era, due to its close relationship with the sustainable development commitment, the concept of lifelong learning, the aging society and the digital society, literacy education will not stagnate,but it will undertake a new mission of development and continue to demonstrate its strong vitality so as to promote the development of a sustainable society.
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