W波段毫米波云雷达技术的研究进展

摘要

Compared with centimeter-wave radar,the millimeter wave radar has higher sensitivity while detecting non-precipitating clouds,and thus the developed countries have conducted extensively cloud observation experiments using millimeter wave radar.In China,millimeter-wave cloud radar is still at the developing stage due to the difficulty in designing radar system and manufacturing capability.Against this background,the advances in the W-band millimeter wave cloud radar are summarized in respect of the ground radar system,airborne radar system,and space-borne radar system,and the system principle diagrams and performance parameters are analyzed in terms of antennas,transmitting circuits,receiving circuits and signal processing units.The radar echoes of non-precipitation cloud detected by 94 GHz Galileo at Chilbolton Observatory are analyzed and the results show that the cloud and frog can be excellently detected,which can provide guidance for the W-band millimeter wave cloud radar design in China.%毫米波雷达相比于厘米波雷达对非降水云的观测具有更高的灵敏度,因此世界发达国家已经广泛利用毫米波雷达进行云的观测实验.国内的毫米波云雷达受器件及加工工艺的限制仍处于发展阶段,在此背景下本文从地基、机载以及星载3个方面对国内外W波段毫米波云雷达进行总结,根据毫米波雷达的天线、发射电路、接收电路以及信号处理4个方面分析其原理框图及性能参数,最后利用英国Chilbolton观测场的94 GHz Galileo雷达对2008年4月4日的非降水云进行回波数据的分析,结果表明Galileo毫米波雷达能够很好地对云以及雾进行探测,其结论为国内W波段毫米波云雷达的设计提供借鉴.