2009年流行的新型甲型H1N1流感病毒的8个功能基因各自有一定的进化特点,其主要免疫原性基因--血凝素(HA)基因源于北美猪流感病毒.2005年在美国衣阿华(Iowa)州分离的感染人的猪H1N1的HA基因、病毒聚合酶(PB2、PBl和PA)基因、核蛋白基因(NP)和非结构基因(NS)与此次新型甲型HlNl病毒高度同源(同源性超过90%),可能是此次新型甲型H1N1病毒进化过程中的中间步骤.神经氨酸酶(NA)基因源于欧洲H1N1猪流感病毒,基质蛋白(M1和M2)基因来自欧洲H3N2亚型猪流感病毒,两段基因可能在猪体内与Iowa株发生重排而进化成此次新型甲型H1N1病毒.本文分析了新型甲型H1N1流感病毒可能的进化过程,并提出了未来防控工作中需要注意的几个科学问题.%Objective Eight functional fragments of the novel A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus in 2009 had their own evolutionary characteristics. Among them, the hemagglutinin (HA), the major antigenic gene, was originated from swine influenza virus epidemics in North America. The HA gene, polymerase genes (PB2, PB1 and PA), nucleoprotein gene (NP) and nonstructural protein gene (NS) of the virus strain isolated in Iowa of US in 2005 shared close homology (identities more than 90%) with the corresponding sequences of the novel A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus in 2009. The Iowa strain might be an intermediate step of the evolutionary process of this novel A/H1N1 influenza virus. The evolutionary process of the novel A/H1N1 influenza might be realized in pigs re-assorted with the neuraminidase (NA) gene from European swine H1N1 influenza virus and matrix proteins (M1 and M2) genes from European H3N2 swine influenza virus. The present paper presented possible evolutionary processes of the novel A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus in 2009, and pointed out several relevant scientific points which should be emphasized in the prevention and control of the epidemics of the novel A/H1N1 influenza in near future.
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