北京地区变应性鼻炎的吸入性变应原调查

摘要

ObjectiveTo investigate the main aeroallergens of allergic rhinitis in Beijing region.MethodsThe allergic rhinitis cases in Beijing who underwent a skin pick test were collected, and the aeroallergens were statistically recorded and analyzed.ResultsThe top ten allergens in sequence weredermatophagoides pteronyssinus (56.50%), dermatophagoides farinae (54.12%), flowers pollen (28.70%), weeds (23.91%), alternaria(22.79%), mugwort (19.64%), treeⅡ (17.00%), treeⅠ(16.58%), chenopodium album (14.38%), cockroach (10.76%). There were significantly higher sensitivity to humulus scandens, mugwort, hay, dog hair, feather, pine, tree I, giant ragweed, weeds among adults group compared to children group (allP<0.05), while there were significantly higher sensitivity to alternaria, animal hair, curvularia lunata, dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides teronyssinus among children group compared to adults group (allP<0.05). ConclusionThe dust mite, pollen, and alternaria are the most important aeroallergens of allergic rhinitis in Beijing region. The distribution feature is similar betweenadults and children group, but there is significantly higher sensitivity to dust mite and alternaria among children group compared to adults group while there is significantly higher sensitivity to pollen among adults group compared to children group.%目的：调查北京地区变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis，AR)的主要吸入性变应原。方法收集北京地区AR患者吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验相关数据，统计吸入性变应原分布情况并进行分析。结果阳性率前10位变应原依次为屋尘螨（56.50%）、粉尘螨（54.12%）、花（28.70%）、杂草（23.91%）、交链孢霉菌（22.79%）、艾蒿（19.64%）、树Ⅱ（17.00%）、树Ⅰ（16.58%）、藜（14.38%）、蟑螂（10.76%）。成人组中葎草、艾蒿、干草尘埃、狗上皮、羽毛、松、树Ⅰ、豚草、杂草的阳性率分别为17.29%、24.21%、12.20%、12.45%、2.24%、8.56%、18.85%、14.57%、27.53%，均高于儿童和青少年组（1.75%、14.68%、3.69%、5.73%、0.35%、4.64%、14.47%、10.86%、22.03%），差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。儿童和青少年组中交链孢霉菌、动物毛、新月弯孢属、粉尘螨、屋尘螨的阳性率分别为29.77%、15.68%、4.82%、61.02%、61.76%，均高于成人组（3.74%、6.12%、1.25%、54.81%、56.42%），差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论尘螨、花粉、交链孢霉菌是北京地区AR最重要的变应原，2组具有相似的变应原分布特征，但尘螨、交链孢霉菌过敏儿童和青少年组显著高于成人组，花粉过敏成人组显著高于儿童和青少年组。