仿生纳米纤维支架促进骨组织再生

摘要

人口老龄化，疾病以及交通事故等造成大量的人体骨组织损伤和丢失。如何实现骨组织缺损的快速修复与再生成为临床医学研究的重要课题和目标，而生物医用材料在其中发挥着极其重要的作用。目前临床上常用的骨组织修复材料如自体骨、异体骨、合成材料（金属，陶瓷，高分子）等都存在各种各样的问题，无法实现大规模的应用和骨组织的快速有效再生。而骨组织工程学科研究多孔支架结合细胞和生长因子来实现骨组织再生，以解决骨科临床面临的问题为目的。最近十多年来，三维纳米纤维支架由于可以仿天然细胞外基质的结构和形态而显示出较强的促进细胞增殖、成骨分化以及骨组织修复再生的能力。主要综述具有仿生的纳米纤维及其复合支架材料的制备技术以及他们在增强细胞功能、干细胞成骨分化、及其骨组织再生中的应用。%Population aging, bone diseases and accidents result in a large number of patients with serious bone loss and defects.The efficient bone tissue repair and regeneration have been important topics in clinical medicine .Here, biomedic-al materials play an important role in bone regeneration .However, current clinical bone-repair biomaterials such as auto-grafts, allografts and synthetic materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) suffer from various shortcomings, having limit-ed applications in bone repair.In bone tissue engineering research, biodegradable scaffolds along with cells and growth factors have shown high potential in facilitating bone regeneration as a potential new therapy for bone loss in the clinic .In the past decade, due to their structure and morphology that mimic the native extracellular matrix , nanofibrous scaffolds have been shown to be capable of facilitating cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and bone regenera-tion in vivo compared to control scaffolds.In this paper, we will review the fabrication technologies of biomimetic nanofi-brous scaffolds and their applications in enhancing cellular function , osteogenic differentiation, and bone tissue regenera-tion.