渔业捕捞对威海港附近海域底上大型底栖群落结构影响的初步研究

摘要

Based on the data collected from the 9 trawling stations in August 2009, the characters of epifauna community structure in the coastal water of Weihai Port are investigated, including community structure, community species composition, dominant species, abundance, biomass biodiversity. The species diversity, community index and Abundance/Biomass curve (ABC) were analysed using the multivariate analysis software PRIMER. A total of 48epifauna species were collected, including 19 crustacean species and 14 fish species. With the results of total species number, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Margalef index, macrobenthos from WH5 station near the sea-lane area and WH9 station near the mariculture raft zone was quite different from that of other stations. Fishery trawl has exerted strongly influence on epifauna community in the coastal water of Weihai Port, and inshore epifauna suffered more than that of offshore. Other anthropogenic disturbance, such as sea-lane can also strongly disturb the epifauna community, while sea-lane showed more serious impact than fishery trawl. On the contrary mariculture raft has a positive impact on preserving the marine benthic biodiversity.%根据2009年8月对威海港附近海域9个站位的拖网调查资料,初步分析了威海港近海底上大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落结构、种类组成、优势种、丰度和生物量、多样性等.应用PRIMIER 6.0进行了物种多样性、群落指数和ABc曲线等的分析.本次调查共采到底柄动物48种,其中甲壳动物19种,鱼类14种,各站位的大型底栖动物物种数从3种到23种不等.通过对总物种数、物种多样性、物种丰富度和物种均匀度的分析发现,位于航道的WH5站和位于养殖区附近的WH9站与其它各站存在明显区别.渔业捕捞对威海满港附近的底上群落已经造成明显的影响,近岸底上群落遭受的扰动明显要强于外海.其它的人为扰动,比如航道航运较之渔业捕捞对底上群落有更加剧烈的扰动,同时海洋水产养殖的养殖筏架对保护海洋底栖动物多样性具有一定的积极作用.