福建三沙湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成及其丰度时空分布

摘要

根据2008年春季(5月5日、5月17日)和秋季(11月14日、11月30日)分别在三沙湾进行4次鱼卵、仔稚鱼调查资料及历史相关资料,对三沙湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成、丰度分布的变化进行分析和讨论.结果表明:调查海区出现的鱼卵、仔稚鱼有35种(包括2种未定种类),比1990年和2007年分别增加了9种和12种；其中鱼卵数量中石首鱼科和舌鳎科的鱼卵占绝大多数,分别占总鱼卵数量的80.63％和14.18％,尚未见1990年的优势种带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)出现,2007年的优势种隆头鱼科仅出现于秋季,数量也不多；鱼卵分布时间变化明显,5月上旬鱼卵丰度最高,占4个航次鱼卵总丰度的95.0％,5月中旬和11月数量很少.春、秋两季鱼卵平均丰度4.92 ind/m3较1990年和2007年同期高；在三都岛、青山岛的南部、官井洋、东冲口一带海域鱼卵数量较多,密集区较1990年和2007年密集区偏西偏南.春、秋两季仔稚鱼平均丰度0.18 ind/m3,高于1990年,低于2007年；仔稚鱼丰度最高为5月上旬,占4个航次仔稚鱼总丰度的78.6％；1990年、2007年及2008年仔稚鱼优势种同为虾虎鱼类,其主要繁殖区都在三沙湾东北部和东南部海域.%Based on the data from four investigations of fish egg, larvae and juveniles in Sansha bay of Fujian in Spring(5th and. 17th May) and Autumn ( 14th and 30th November) of 2008, combining with historical related data, the paper analyzed and discussed species composition and abundance temporal-spatial distribution of fish egg, larvae and juveniles. Results showed that: there were 35 kinds of fish egg, larvae and juveniles (including 2 undefined species) in survey sea area, which was 9 kinds more than 1990, and 12 kinds more than 2007. Fish egg numbers of Sciaenidae and Cynoglossidae was the majority, occupying 80. 63% and 14. 18% in total fish egg numbers, respectively. Fish egg of hairtail, dominant species in 1990, didn' t occur in this investigation, and fish egg of Labridae, dominant species in 2007 showed a small amount, only occurred in Autumn in this investigation. Distribution of fish egg had obvious seasonal change; abundance of fish egg in early May was the highest, accounting for 95. 0% in total abundance of fish egg in four times, a few in late May and November. Average abundance(4. 92 ind/m3 ) of fish egg of Spring and Autumn was higher than that of 1990 and 2007. There were a large number of fish eggs distributing in the area near the south of Sandu island and Qingshan island, Guanjingyang, Dongchongkou, and dense area was located in southwest of that of 1990 and 2007. Average abundance(0. 18 ind/m3 ) of larvae and juveniles of Spring and Autumn was higher than that of 1990, but lower than that of 2007. Abundance of larvae and juveniles in early May was the highest, accounting for 78. 6% in total abundance of larvae and juveniles in four times. Dominant species of larvae and juveniles in 1990, 2007 and 2008 were Gobiidae, whose main breeding area was located in northeast and southeast of Sansha bay.