大功率等离子体电推进研究进展

摘要

大功率等离子体电推进具有推力大、比冲高、效率高、尺寸小等优势，是载人深空探测任务最具竞争力的推进技术之一。针对稳态等离子体推力器、阳极层推力器、磁等离子体动力推力器、可变比冲磁等离子体推力器和螺旋波推力器等，对等离子体电推进的国内外研究进展进行了论述。从大功率等离子体推力器、超大容量推进剂贮存与供应、大功率高电压电能变换与供应、大功率等离子体推力器试验验证等角度分析了大功率等离子体电推进的关键技术，对我国大功率磁等离子体电推进的发展提出了梳理需求、制定技术路线、提升成熟度和进行集成演示等建议。%High power plasma propulsion with merits of high thrust, high specific impulse and small scale, is one of the most competitive propulsion technologies for manned space exploration missions. The development of foreign and domestic high power plasma propulsion technology, including the stationary plasma thruster, the anode layer thruster, the magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, the varia⁃ble specific impulse magnetoplasmarocket, and the helicon thruster, was discussed. The key tech⁃nologies of high power plasma propulsion were analyzed, such as the high power plasma thruster, the ultra⁃large capacity propellant storage and feeding, the high power and high voltage power proceed⁃ing and supply, and the high power plasma thruster testing and validation. For the domestic high power plasma propulsion development, proposals of demand analysis, technology roadmap develop⁃ment, maturity enhancement and, system integrated demonstration were offered.