通过不同设计的范畴感知实验讨论两个问题，一是普通话单字调阳平和上声的辨认和区分是否存在声学参数上的范畴边界，二是刺激设计和实验任务对于声调范畴感知结果的影响。实验刺激为下降段降幅和终点音高都不同的四个降升调连续统，自变量为音高的拐点位置。实验结果表明：1)在下降段降幅较低的情况下，终点音高较高的连续统在辨认曲线上出现了较强的范畴化特征，而在下降段降幅较高的条件下，终点音高较低的连续统出现了较强的辨认范畴化特点；2)在两种实验设计中均未得到与辨认结果显著相关的区分结果，在辨认结果具有显著范畴化特点的实验条件下，区分结果呈现弱范畴化或非范畴化特点。在实验结果的基础上讨论了刺激设计和实验任务对范畴感知实验结果的影响，记忆中的音高衰减作用、普通话韵律单元中的声调变化规则以及被试完成任务的偏向策略都可能对区分实验结果产生重要影响。基于本研究的结果，调形具有相似度但并不完全相同的声调的感知类型介于范畴型和非范畴型之间。%This paper aims to investigate two questions by categorical-perception experiments. The first question is if identification and discrimination of Tone2 and Tone3 are all categorical,and the second is how stimuli design and experimental task influences perceptual results.The stimuli consist of four continuums of falling-rising tones with different falling magnitudes and different ending pit-ches,and the independent variable is the pitch turning position on a falling-rising pitch curve.The re-sults demonstrate two facts:1 )Identification of Tone2 and Tone3 is categorical under the condition of small falling magnitude and high ending pitch,or large falling magnitude and low ending pitch;2 ) The results of discrimination in the two experiments are all unrelated to those of identification,and the discrimination is slightly categorical or non-categorical when the corresponding identification is strongly categorical.We hold that pitch decay in memory,allophones of Tone2 and Tone3 in continu-ous speech,and response bias of subj ects in discrimination tasks probably have effects on discrimina-tion results.We hypothesize that the perceptual pattern of two tones that have similar but not totally identical contours is between typically categorical and non-categorical.
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