英格兰国家公园居民社区规划政策评述以峰区国家公园为例

摘要

英格兰国家公园是以保护人与自然共同作用形成的“第二自然”为目标而设立的保护区。国家公园内有大量居住在乡村与城镇的居民社区。上述情况与中国的风景名胜区和自然保护区情况相似，对于中国在建设国家公园体系过程中合理处理居民问题存在积极的借鉴意义。系统介绍了英格兰国家公园规划体系，以及国家公园居民社区与英格兰历史遗产保护体系、景观特征评估体系的关系，均以峰区国家公园为例进行说明。随后详细介绍了峰区国家公园居民社区规划政策。最后针对当前中国风景区居民社区现状，指出应当进行居民社区评价并有针对性的制定规划政策等建议。%National Parks (NP)in England is built as the protected area for “the Second Nature” which is formed by the interaction between human and nature. There are many local residents from vilages or towns living in NPs. That situation is similar with NPs and Natural Reserves in China. Thus the experiences of English National Parks are helpful for us to deal with the local settlements issues towards the NPs, especialy when setting up the NPs system in China. The paper introduced the spatial planning system of English NPs, and the relationship between settlements in NP, English Historic Heritage System, and English Landscape Character Assessment, using the Peak District National Park as an example. Then outlined the planning polices about settlements in Peak District National Park. In the end, according to the current situation in China, gave some suggestions such as adding the settlement assessments and making up policies speciifcaly.