中华猕猴桃不同性别叶片的形态学和解剖学观察

摘要

By means of microscopic and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation, morphological and anatomical differences between male and female plants leaves of Actinidia chinensis were analysed. Differences of leaves morphology and petiole diameter in each variety could be used to distinguish male plants from female ones, however, there was not any specific parameter suitable to each variety. Stomatal apparata were found on the lower epidermis. The shape of the stomata in the observed varieties was similar, but the ratio of stomatal length to stomatal width was significant different between male and female in each variety. The ratio in male leaves was higher than 3 and that in female leaves was lower than 3. The ratio of stomatal length to stomatal width was relative stable in all the parents and their hybrids, and the sex of seedlings could be ascertained according to the ratio.%通过显微和扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscopy, SEM）观察，对中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch．）雌雄植株叶片的形态学差异进行了分析．结果发现，中华猕猴桃不同品种之间在叶片形态上存在着不同程度的差异，可作为品种区分的依据；同一品种不同性别植株叶片在叶形和叶柄直径方面存在着较明显的差异，但没有发现性别相关的特征性参数；气孔器分布在下表皮，气孔形态相似，但保卫细胞长宽比在不同性别之间差异明显；雄株叶片保卫细胞长宽比大于3，雌株长宽比小于3，此标记在不同品种的雌、雄植株中表现稳定．根据猕猴桃气孔器保卫细胞长宽比值，可以有效区分猕猴桃雌雄性别，是一种良好的性别鉴定遗传标记，能够应用于猕猴桃实生苗性别鉴定．