论史料解读的差异性--由楚竹书灾异文献中的旱灾母题入手

摘要

目前所见战国楚竹书中有《鲁邦大旱》、《柬大王泊旱》、《鲍叔牙与隰朋之谏》及《竞公疟》等篇与先秦时期灾异、祭祀与为政方略等方面有关。诸篇较清晰地反映了战国时人借助灾异现象来表达政治观念的现象，引起了思想史学界的广泛关注。从楚竹书灾异文献有关旱灾背景的母题入手，考察先秦时期旱灾发生的频率与强度及针对旱灾因应措施的“人事”两方面，再以传世文献与考古资料、出土文献相印证，可以更好地从史学层面来理解这些文献所蕴含的史学价值。%In the extant corpus of Chu bamboo manuscripts,a considerable number of texts deals with the problem of disasters,anomalies,and related sacrifices and governing strategies,i.e.Drought in Lu State,Expostulation of Response to Drought,Expostulation of Bao Shuya and Xi Peng,Expostulation of Jing Gong on Malaria-carrying Mosquito and others.These texts reflect clearly how people through the periods of Spring and Autumn and Warring States made use of the occurrence of disasters and anomalies to express their political ideas,and this phenomenon gained broad attention among the researchers in the fields of both history of ideas as well as general history.The article focuses on the theme of drought as rendered in newly discovered manuscripts,and contextualizes it with both the received and excavated texts and archaeological finds,and it offers an insight from the perspective of historiography which can bring a better understanding of the historical value contained in these documents.