地下硐室岩爆的预测及处理研究

摘要

The different sizes of rock burst would often occur during cavern excavation, therefore, reasonably evaluating the possibility of rock burst occurring during excavation, the observation for it on the site, the analytical investigation for it＇ s intensity and distribution scope, as well as the corresponding forecast and evaluation for the possibility of rock burst are of great engineering significance. Based on these respects, the possibility of rock burst occurring during cavern exca- vation are evaluated here firstly. Next, the conventional rock burst forecasting methods （qualitative method and engineer- ing geology analogy method） are used for the evaluation of the rock burst＇ s intensity in this underground cavern. Finally, the corresponding solving measures for the rock burst in eonstmetion are proposed. The research results have great refer-ence role for building and excavating the underground caverns in high ground stress zones and rock overlaying zones.%洞室开挖过程中常发生规模大小不一的岩爆,因此合理地评价其开挖过程中岩爆发生的可能性、现场对岩爆的观测、分析研究岩爆的烈度、分布范围以及相应的预测防治处理措施具有重要的工程意义。基于此,首先从岩爆发生的基本条件、岩爆烈度分级标准、隧洞岩爆特点、地质宏观评价的角度对硐室施工过程中岩爆发生的可能性进行了评估;然后,采用较常规的岩爆的现场预测预报方法（主要采用定性方法和工程地质类比法）对该地下硐室岩爆发生的烈度进行了评价;最后提出了相应的防治措施,即施工岩爆处理措施,研究结果对高地应力区及上覆岩层较厚的地区兴建或开挖地下洞室具有重要的参考作用。